Morandi Bridge Collapse – could it have been avoided?

mit Dr. Yves Reuland

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Morandi Brücke Genua Einsturz

Summary

The collapse of the Morandi Bridge (Polcevera Viaduct) in Genoa in August 2018 led to significant psychological and practical consequences for the city, causing 43 fatalities. Designed by Riccardo Morandi and opened in 1967, the cable-stayed bridge featured a unique Gerber structure. The collapse was mainly due to material degradation, particularly the corrosion of cables concealed by concrete casing, making inspection difficult. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and vibration measurements were employed, revealing critical structural issues. The bridge’s maintenance was the responsibility of Atlantia, a private company facing financial and political challenges. Systematic and proactive maintenance using modern technologies and collaboration between public and private entities is essential to prevent future catastrophes and ensure bridge safety.

Introduction to the Morandi Bridge and Its Structure

The Morandi Bridge, also known as the Polcevera Viaduct, was inaugurated in 1967 and designed by the renowned architect Riccardo Morandi. It is a cable-stayed bridge consisting of three main pylons and several cables supporting the roadway. The bridge’s unique design aimed to bear the vertical loads of traffic while neutralizing the influence of horizontal forces. Additionally, the bridge featured a Gerber structure running between the pylons, which supported the bridge.

The Collapse and Its Immediate Consequences

The collapse of the Morandi Bridge in August 2018 had significant psychological and practical consequences for the residents of Genoa. Many felt anxious about crossing other bridges, while the traffic redirection led to massive congestion and increased CO2 emissions. The collapse not only resulted in 43 fatalities but also brought substantial logistical challenges as a crucial traffic artery was suddenly lost.

Possible Causes of the Collapse

The collapse of the Morandi Bridge can be attributed to three main causes: exceptional loads, material degradation, and inadequate design. The most likely cause was material degradation, particularly the corrosion of the cables, which was concealed by the concrete casing. This design made inspection and damage detection difficult. Problems were identified and partially addressed in the 1990s but not comprehensively enough to prevent the collapse.

Use of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)

Various methods were employed to monitor and inspect the bridge, including vibration measurements and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). These technologies allow continuous monitoring of the structure and can detect changes in the natural frequency of the cables, indicating potential damage. The Polytechnic University of Milan conducted such measurements and found irregularities pointing to corrosion and fatigue. SHM is crucial for obtaining quick and precise data that can help take timely action.

Privatization, Political Influences, and Future Approaches

The Morandi Bridge was operated by Atlantia, formerly Autostrade per l’Italia, a private company responsible for its maintenance but also under pressure to generate profits. Financing through leveraged buyouts added financial strain.

There is an urgent need for systematic and proactive maintenance supported by modern technologies like SHM and better decision-making processes. A combination of visual inspections, non-destructive testing, and continuous monitoring is necessary to ensure bridge safety. Collaboration between public and private entities and the use of satellite data and artificial intelligence could help prevent future disasters and promote more sustainable maintenance.

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